TYPES OF COMPOSTING FOR FAMILY FARMING

Abstract

Composting in Brazilian family farming has become a sustainable practice, contributing to improving soil, reducing input costs, and promoting more ecological agricultural practices. Approximately 70% (EMPRABA, 2018) of the food consumed in Brazil comes from family farming, a sector that faces challenges such as soil manipulation and the high cost of agricultural inputs. Composting has emerged as an effective and affordable solution, allowing the recycling of organic waste available on rural properties, such as plant remains. In addition to improving soil fertility and increasing crop productivity, composting also contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. The technique can be carried out in several ways, such as aerobic, anaerobic, vermicomposting, and thermophilic composting, all with the aim of transforming organic waste into nutrient-rich compounds. Although composting is a simple and low-cost practice, it requires specific care, such as maintaining adequate humidity and aeration, to ensure an efficient process. Composting brings several benefits to both family farmers and the environment. It improves soil quality, promotes self-sustainability for small producers and contributes to the sustainability of agricultural practices.